জন্ম ২৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৯০২
স্যালিনাস, ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া, মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র
মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একজন খ্যাতিমান ঔপন্যাসিক।
ত্রিশের দশকের মহামন্দার প্রেক্ষাপটে তিনি এক আলোড়নসৃষ্টিকারী উপন্যাস লিখেন, যার নাম দ্য গ্রেপস অব র্যাথ।
দাম্পত্যসঙ্গী ক্যারল হেনিং (বি. ১৯৩০; বিচ্ছেদ. ১৯৪৩) গুইন কঞ্জার (বি. ১৯৪৩; বিচ্ছেদ. ১৯৪৮)
এলাইন স্কট (বি. ১৯৫০)
সন্তান টমাস স্টাইনবেক (১৯৪৪–২০১৬)
চতুর্থ জন স্টাইনবেক (১৯৪৬–১৯৯১)
Works :
During his writing career, he authored 33 books, with one book coauthored alongside Edward Ricketts, including 16 novels, six non-fiction books, and two collections of short stories. He is widely known for the comic novels Tortilla Flat (1935) and Cannery Row (1945), the multi-generation epic East of Eden (1952), and the novellas The Red Pony (1933) and Of Mice and Men (1937). The Pulitzer Prize–winning The Grapes of Wrath (1939)[5] is considered Steinbeck's masterpiece and part of the American literary canon.[6] In the first 75 years after it was published, it sold 14 million copies.
Most of Steinbeck's work is set in central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. His works frequently explored the themes of fate and injustice, especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists.
In 1936, Steinbeck published the first of what came to be known as his Dustbowl trilogy, which included Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. This first novel tells the story of a fruit pickers' strike in California which is both aided and damaged by the help of "the Party", generally taken to be the Communist Party, although this is never spelled out in the book.
Of Mice and Men
Main article: Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men is a tragedy that was written as a play in 1937. The story is about two traveling ranch workers, George and Lennie, trying to earn enough money to buy their own farm/ranch. As it is set in 1930s America, it provides an insight into The Great Depression, encompassing themes of racism, loneliness, prejudice against the mentally ill, and the struggle for personal independence. Along with The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, and The Pearl, Of Mice and Men is one of Steinbeck's best known works. It was made into a movie three times, in 1939 starring Burgess Meredith, Lon Chaney Jr., and Betty Field, in 1982 starring Randy Quaid, Robert Blake and Ted Neeley, and in 1992 starring Gary Sinise and John Malkovich.
The Grapes of Wrath
Main article: The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath is set in the Great Depression and describes a family of sharecroppers, the Joads, who were driven from their land due to the dust storms of the Dust Bowl. The title is a reference to the Battle Hymn of the Republic. Some critics found it too sympathetic to the workers' plight and too critical of capitalism,[75] but it found a large audience of its own. It won both the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction (novels) and was adapted as a film starring Henry Fonda and Jane Darwell and directed by John Ford.
East of Eden
Main article: East of Eden (novel)
Steinbeck deals with the nature of good and evil in this Salinas Valley saga. The story follows two families: the Hamiltons – based on Steinbeck's own maternal ancestry[76] – and the Trasks, reprising stories about the Biblical Adam and his progeny. The book was published in 1952. Portions of the novel were made into a 1955 movie directed by Elia Kazan and starring James Dean.
Travels with Charley
Main article: Travels with Charley: In Search of America
In 1960, Steinbeck bought a pickup truck and had it modified with a custom-built camper top – which was rare at the time – and drove across the United States with his faithful "blue" standard poodle, Charley. Steinbeck nicknamed his truck Rocinante after Don Quixote's "noble steed". In this sometimes comical, sometimes melancholic book, Steinbeck describes what he sees from Maine to Montana to California, and from there to Texas and Louisiana and back to his home on Long Island. The restored camper truck is on exhibit in the National Steinbeck Center in Salinas.
Bibliography :
Title. Year Category ISBN
Cup of Gold 1929 Novel 978-0-14-018743-4
The Pastures of Heaven 1932 Short stories 978-0-14-018748-9
The Red Pony 1933 Novella 978-0-14-017736-7
To a God Unknown 1933 Novel 978-0-14-018751-9
Tortilla Flat 1935 Novel 978-0-14-004240-5
In Dubious Battle 1936 Novel 978-0-14-303963-1
Of Mice and Men 1937 Novella 978-0-14-017739-8
The Long Valley 1938 Short stories 978-0-14-018745-8
Their Blood Is Strong 1938 Nonfiction 978-0-930588-38-0
The Grapes of Wrath 1939 Novel 978-0-14-303943-3
The Forgotten Village 1941 Film 978-0-14-311718-6
Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research 1941 Nonfiction 978-0-14-018744-1
The Moon Is Down 1942 Novel 978-0-14-018746-5
Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team 1942 Nonfiction 978-0-14-310591-6
Cannery Row 1945 Novel 978-0-14-017738-1
The Wayward Bus 1947 Novel 978-0-14-243787-2
The Pearl 1947 Novella 978-0-14-017737-4
A Russian Journal 1948 Nonfiction 978-0-14-118019-
Burning Bright 1950 Novella 978-0-14-303944-0
The Log from the Sea of Cortez 1951 Nonfiction 978-0-14-018744-1
East of Eden 1952 Novel 978-0-14-018639-0
Sweet Thursday 1954 Novel 978-0-14-303947-1
The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication 1957 Novel 978-0-14-303946-4
Once There Was a War 1958 Nonfiction 978-0-14-310479-7
The Winter of Our Discontent 1961 Novel 978-0-14-303948-8
Travels with Charley: In Search of America 1962 Nonfiction 978-0-14-005320-3
America and Americans 1966 Nonfiction 978-0-670-11602-7
Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters 1969 Nonfiction 978-0-14-014418-5
Viva Zapata! 1975 Film 978-0-670-00579-6
Steinbeck: A Life in Letters 1975 Nonfiction 978-0-14-004288-7
The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights 1976 Fiction 978-0-14-310545-9
Working Days: The Journals of The Grapes of Wrath1989 Nonfiction 978-0-14-014457-4
Steinbeck in Vietnam: Dispatches from the War 2012 Nonfiction 978-0-8139-3403-7.
উল্লেখযোগ্য পুরস্কার |
কথাসাহিত্যে পুলিৎজার পুরস্কার (১৯৪০)
১৯৬৩ সালে সাহিত্যে নোবেল পুরস্কার জয় করেন।
মৃত্যু ২০ ডিসেম্বর ১৯৬৮ (বয়স ৬৬)
নিউ ইয়র্ক সিটি, মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র।
Filmography
1939: Of Mice and Men—directed by Lewis Milestone, featuring Burgess Meredith, Lon Chaney, Jr., and Betty Field
1940: The Grapes of Wrath—directed by John Ford, featuring Henry Fonda, Jane Darwell and John Carradine
1941: The Forgotten Village—directed by Alexander Hammid and Herbert Kline, narrated by Burgess Meredith, music by Hanns Eisler
1942: Tortilla Flat—directed by Victor Fleming, featuring Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield
1943: The Moon is Down—directed by Irving Pichel, featuring Lee J. Cobb and Sir Cedric Hardwicke
1944: Lifeboat—directed by Alfred Hitchcock, featuring Tallulah Bankhead, Hume Cronyn, and John Hodiak
1944: A Medal for Benny—directed by Irving Pichel, featuring Dorothy Lamour and Arturo de Cordova
1947: La Perla (The Pearl, Mexico)—directed by Emilio Fernández, featuring Pedro Armendáriz and María Elena Marqués
1949: The Red Pony—directed by Lewis Milestone, featuring Myrna Loy, Robert Mitchum, and Louis Calhern
1952: Viva Zapata!—directed by Elia Kazan, featuring Marlon Brando, Anthony Quinn and Jean Peters
1955: East of Eden—directed by Elia Kazan, featuring James Dean, Julie Harris, Jo Van Fleet, and Raymond Massey
1957: The Wayward Bus—directed by Victor Vicas, featuring Rick Jason, Jayne Mansfield, and Joan Collins
1961: Flight—featuring Efrain Ramírez and Arnelia Cortez
1962: Ikimize bir dünya (Of Mice and Men, Turkey)
1972: Topoli (Of Mice and Men, Iran)
1982: Cannery Row—directed by David S. Ward, featuring Nick Nolte and Debra Winger
1992: Of Mice and Men—directed by Gary Sinise and starring John Malkovich and Gary Sinise
2016: In Dubious Battle—directed by James Franco and featuring Franco, Nat Wolff and Selena Gomez.
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